Settlement Agreement: In the Matter of CI Mutual Funds Inc.

Settlement Agreement

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES ACT
R.S.O. 1990, c.S.5, as amended

- and -

CI MUTUAL FUNDS INC.

 

SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT

 

I.    INTRODUCTION

1.    By Notice of Hearing dated December 12, 2004, the Ontario Securities Commission (the "Commission") announced that it proposed to hold a hearing to consider whether, pursuant to section 127 of the Securities Act (the "Act"), it is in the public interest for the Commission to make an order approving the settlement agreement entered into between Staff of the Commission and the respondent, CI Mutual Funds Inc. ("CI").

 

II.    JOINT SETTLEMENT RECOMMENDATION

2.    Staff of the Commission ("Staff") recommends settlement with CI (also referred to hereafter as the "Respondent") in accordance with the terms and conditions set out below. The Respondent agrees to the settlement on the basis of the facts set out in Part IV herein and consents to the making of an Order in the form attached as Schedule "B" on the basis of the facts set out in Part IV herein.

3.    The terms of this settlement agreement, including the attached Schedule "A" and "B" (collectively, the "Settlement Agreement") will be released to the public only if and when the Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission.

 

III.    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4.    Staff and the Respondent agree with the facts set out in Part IV herein for the purposes of this Settlement Agreement only and further agree that this agreement of facts is without prejudice to the Respondent or Staff in any other proceeding of any kind including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any proceedings brought by the Commission under the Act (subject to paragraph 28) or any civil or other proceedings which may be brought by any other person or agency. No other person or agency may raise or rely upon the terms of this Settlement Agreement or any agreement to the facts stated herein whether or not this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission.

IV.    AGREED FACTS

    a)    The Respondent

5.    CI is registered in Ontario as an investment counsel and portfolio manager, and is the fund manager for in excess of 100 mutual funds ("CI Funds") with mutual fund assets under management of approximately $35 billion as of November 30, 2004.

    b)    The Fund Manager's Duty

6.    A mutual fund manager is required by Ontario securities law to exercise the powers and discharge the duties of its office honestly and in good faith and in the best interests of the mutual fund and, in connection therewith, to exercise the degree of care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in the circumstances. Compliance with this duty requires that a mutual fund manager have regard to the potential for harm to a fund from an investor seeking to employ a frequent trading market timing strategy and take reasonable steps to protect a mutual fund from such harm to the extent that a reasonably prudent person would have done in the circumstances.

    c)    Background

7.    In November 2003, the Commission, in co-operation with the Investment Dealers' Association of Canada and the Mutual Fund Dealers Association of Canada, began an inquiry into potential late trading and market timing in the Canadian mutual fund industry. The inquiry involved 105 Canadian mutual fund companies, and has been carried out in three phases. The inquiry is in its third and final phase, is expected to continue over the next several weeks and involves a number of mutual fund managers. CI has cooperated fully in the Commission's inquiry.

8.    In its review of CI, Staff found no evidence of late trading occurring in CI Funds. Staff has not found any evidence of market timing by any insiders of CI or any evidence of ongoing market timing activity in CI Funds. The following facts relate exclusively to market timing by certain third party investors in CI Funds.

    d)    Market Timing: Cause and Effect

9.    Market timing involves short-term trading of mutual fund securities to take advantage of short-term discrepancies between the "stale" values of securities within a mutual fund's portfolio and the current market value of those securities. Stale values can occur in mutual fund portfolios comprised, in whole or in part, of non-North American foreign equities (e.g. European, Asian and International and Global funds, also referred to herein as "foreign funds"). Stale values of those securities may result in stale values of the units of a mutual fund as a result of the way in which the net asset value ("NAV") of most mutual funds is calculated for the purpose of determining the price at which an investor may purchase or redeem (buy or sell) a unit of the fund.

10.    The price of a mutual fund, in accordance with industry practice and as prescribed in the mutual fund's Annual Information Form, is calculated at the close of each trading day (4:00 p.m. ET) by adding together the value of the assets of the fund (based on the most recent closing market price of securities in the fund's portfolio), less any liabilities, and dividing that amount (the NAV) by the number of units held by investors in the fund on that day. Any order to purchase or sell a unit of the fund received by the order receipt office of the fund in good order prior to 4:00 p.m. ET will be executed at the NAV per unit calculated as of 4:00 p.m. that day. Any order to purchase or sell a unit of the fund received by the order receipt office of the fund in good order after 4:00 p.m. ET will be executed at the NAV per unit determined at 4:00 p.m. ET the following day.

11.    The securities in a fund's portfolio are each valued on the basis of their most recent closing market price as of 4:00 p.m. ET (the time at which North American markets close) on the day for which the NAV is being calculated. The closing market price of a foreign equity trading on an Asian market (which closed at 1:30 a.m. ET, for example) will have been determined 14.5 hours prior to the calculation of the foreign fund's NAV. Similarly, the closing market price of a foreign equity trading on a European market (which closed at 12 noon ET, for example) will have been determined 4 hours prior to the calculation of the foreign fund's NAV. Due to this lapse of time, the closing market price of the foreign equity used for the purpose of calculating the NAV of the fund may be "stale" and therefore the NAV of the foreign fund (and the unit price of the fund) calculated on the basis of that closing market price may also be "stale."

12.    There is a strong correlation between price movements of equities on North American markets (as reflected in movements in the S&P 500 index, for example) on one day and price movements of equities on foreign markets on the following trading day. Due to the time at which the foreign markets close, the price of foreign equities held in the portfolio of a foreign fund, and therefore the price of the foreign fund, will not reflect this pricing correlation until the following trading day.

13.    A market timer will attempt to take advantage of the difference between the "stale" value and an expected price movement of the foreign fund the following day by trading in anticipation of those price movements. Portfolios that are known to have a material component of foreign equities that are traded outside of North American time zones and that trade with a strong correlation with broad trends in price movements of equities on North American markets on the preceding day, afford the greatest "leverage" to investors using a market timing strategy.

    e)    The Harm Caused by Market Timing of Mutual Funds

14.    When certain investors engage in frequent trading market timing in foreign funds, and when those investors are not required to pay a proportionate fee to the fund, the economic interest of long-term unitholders of these foreign funds is adversely affected. Significant harm may be incurred by a fund in which frequent trading market timing occurs. Any such harm would be borne by all investors in the fund. In addition to dilution1, market timing in a fund also may result in certain inefficiencies in that fund. Those inefficiencies, which will vary depending upon the particular fund, may involve increased transaction costs and disruption of a fund's portfolio management strategy (including the maintenance of cash or cash equivalents and/or monetization of investments to meet redemption requirements) and may impair a fund's long-term performance.

    f)    The Disclosure of CI Funds' Simplified Prospectus and AIF

15.    Specific statements contained in the Prospectuses and AIFs filed by CI for the CI Funds for the years 1999 to 2003 (although not identical from year to year) disclosed that CI could take certain steps, including the imposition of a fee of up to 2%, payable to the fund, in circumstances where "frequent trading" would have a detrimental effect on the fund's performance.

    g)    Market Timing in CI Funds

16.    Five institutional investors holding accounts in CI Funds have been identified as having profited as a result of frequent trading market timing strategies that were pursued in certain of the CI Funds (the "Relevant Funds") in the period from September 1998 to September 2003 (the "Market Timing Traders"). The Market Timing Traders traded in CI Funds through one or more Canadian investment dealers.

17.    CI entered into agreements with three of the Market Timing Traders that contained the following basic terms:

  • specific funds in which the three Market Timing Traders could invest were identified (ranging from 8 CI funds to all CI funds);
  • a limit on the size of the investment that could be made by the three Market Timing Traders, either in the form of an aggregate value (between $40 and $150 million) or as a percentage of total assets of each fund (between 0.75% and 1.25%), was imposed;
  • no more than 5 switches (each switch being one transfer from a specified Relevant Fund to another specified Relevant Fund or one transfer from a CI money market fund to a specified Relevant Fund) per fund per month were permitted;
  • a fee of 3 or 4 basis points (0.03% or 0.04%) on all switches within the specified funds (based on the value of units being switched) was imposed. No fee was payable on switches into CI money market funds. The fees were payable to the specified funds;
  • where redemptions (as distinct from switches) occurred, a fee of up to 2% of the net asset value of the units being redeemed could be imposed. That fee would be paid to the fund;
  • a termination clause permitting CI to terminate the agreements on 10 days’ notice, if CI deemed it necessary to do so to protect the best interests of the unitholders of the applicable fund; and
  • a confidentiality provision.

There was no public disclosure of these agreements.

18.    In the period September 1998 to September 2003:

  • the total profit realized in CI Funds by the Market Timing Traders (after deduction of the fees described in the last point below) was approximately $ 90.2 million (not all of the profit realized by the Market Timing Traders was from frequent trading market timing transactions, and the profit realized by the Market Timing Traders does not equate to harm to other investors in CI Funds);
  • the Market Timing Traders achieved a return on their overall investment in the Relevant Funds that was significantly higher than the return that long-term investors would have achieved on their investments in the Relevant Funds in the same period;
  • in connection with the trading by the Market Timing Traders, CI charged management fees to the Relevant Funds of approximately $ 7.9 million (net of trailer fees paid to Canadian investment dealers and otherexpenses, CI earned $ 2.2 million on those management fees); and
  • fees of approximately $9.4 million were charged by CI to the three Market Timing Traders and paid to the CI Funds.

 

19.    In entering into the agreements referred to in paragraph 17 that permitted certain Market Timing Traders to engage in frequent trading market timing, CI recognized some of the costs that could be incurred by the Relevant Funds as a result of the trading by the Market Timing Traders and implemented measures to protect the Relevant Funds against those costs. However, those measures (including the fees paid by certain Market Timing Traders to the Relevant Funds) adopted by CI reduced, but did not negate, the harm resulting from the market timing activities. At the same time, CI failed to recognize all of the costs (and, in particular, dilution) resulting from the frequent trading market timing activities of the Market Timing Traders and did not implement appropriate measures to protect the funds against the associated harm.

V.    THE RESPONDENT'S POSITION

20.    Beginning in late 2003, CI adopted additional practices and procedures to prevent and detect market timing that could reasonably be expected to be harmful to the CI Funds and unitholders of CI Funds.

21.    CI's current monitoring of trades in CI Funds indicates that the policies and procedures that have been implemented have served to eliminate any potential adverse impact of frequent trading market timing.

VI.    CONDUCT CONTRARY TO THE PUBLIC INTEREST

22.    The agreements described in paragraph 17 protected the Relevant Funds from some, but not all, of the costs to those funds of the trading by the Market Timing Traders. Accordingly, the conduct of CI in failing to protect fully the best interests of the Relevant Funds in respect of the frequent trading market timing was contrary to the public interest.

VII.    TERMS OF SETTLEMENT

23.    CI agrees that, as a term of settlement, it will make a payment in the amount of $49.3 million to be distributed to Affected Investors (as defined in Schedule "A" to this agreement) through the distribution mechanism referred to in Schedule "A" to this agreement, and in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in Schedule "A" to this agreement.

VIII.    STAFF COMMITMENT

24.    If this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission, Staff will not initiate any proceeding under Ontario securities law in respect of any conduct or alleged conduct of CI or its affiliates in relation to the facts set out in Part IV of this Settlement Agreement, subject to the provisions of paragraph 28 below.

IX.    PROCEDURE FOR APPROVAL OF SETTLEMENT

25.    Approval of this Settlement Agreement shall be sought at a hearing of the Commission on a date agreed to by counsel for Staff and CI.

26.    Staff and CI may refer to any part, or all, of the Settlement Agreement at the Settlement Hearing. Staff and CI also agree that if this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission, it will constitute the entirety of the evidence to be submitted respecting CI in this matter, and CI agrees to waive its rights to a full hearing, judicial review or appeal of the matter under the Act.

27.    Staff and CI agree that if this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission, neither Staff nor CI will make any public statement inconsistent with this Settlement Agreement. Nothing in this section is intended to restrict CI from making full answer and defence to any civil proceedings against it.

28.    If this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission and, at any subsequent time, CI fails to honour any of the Terms of Settlement set out in Part VII herein, Staff reserve the right to bring proceedings under Ontario securities law against CI based on, but not limited to, the facts set out in Part IV of the Settlement Agreement, as well as the breach of the Settlement Agreement.

29.    If, for any reason whatsoever, this Settlement Agreement is not approved by the Commission or an Order in the form attached as Schedule "B" is not made by the Commission, each of Staff and CI will be entitled to all available proceedings, remedies and challenges, including proceeding to a hearing of the allegations in the Notice of Hearing and Statement of Allegations, unaffected by this Settlement Agreement or the settlement negotiations.

30.    Whether or not this Settlement Agreement is approved by the Commission, CI agrees that it will not, in any proceeding, refer to or rely upon this Settlement Agreement or the negotiation or process of approval of this Settlement Agreement as the basis for any allegation against the Commission of lack of jurisdiction, bias, appearance of bias, unfairness, or any other remedy or challenge that may otherwise be available.

X.    DISCLOSE OF AGREEMENT

31.    The terms of this Settlement Agreement will be treated as confidential by all parties hereto until approved by the Commission, and forever if, for any reason whatsoever, this Settlement Agreement is not approved by the Commission, except with the written consent of both CI and Staff or as may be required by law.

32.    Any obligations of confidentiality shall terminate upon approval of this Settlement Agreement by the Commission.

XI.    EXECUTION OF SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT

33.    This Settlement Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts which together shall constitute a binding agreement.

34.    A facsimile copy of any signature shall be effective as an original signature.

Dated this "10th" of "December", 2004.

_________ "CI MUTUAL FUNDS INC."
Witness CI MUTUAL FUNDS INC.
   
  "Michael Watson"
  Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission
Per: "Michael Watson"
Director, Enforcement Branch

1 Dilution of a fund’s value caused by market timing can be calculated by taking the percentage difference between the fund’s stale price and current market value multiplied by the amount invested.

SCHEDULE A  

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

 

The following terms pertain to the payment made pursuant to paragraph 23of the Settlement Agreement. Terms defined in the Settlement Agreement and used in this Schedule have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Settlement Agreement:

 

1. Respondent shall make a payment in the amount of $49.3 million (the "Funds"), plus interest accruing from the date of approval of the settlement agreement to the date of the final approval referred to in subparagraph (ix) at the rate of 5% per annum, to the unitholders (including former unitholders) of the Respondent Funds that suffered harm from the market timing activities described in the Settlement Agreement (the “Affected Investors”), on the following terms:

(i) Respondent shall, prior to the commencement of the hearing contemplated in paragraph 1 of the Settlement Agreement, pay the Funds to the Commission, to be held by the Commission pending approval and implementation of the distribution to Affected Investors in accordance with subparagraphs (ix) and (xi) below;

(ii) Respondent shall prepare a plan for distributing the Funds (the “Plan of Distribution”), the objectives of which are to accomplish a fair allocation of the Funds among the Affected Investors in a timely manner and in a manner the costs of which are reasonable in the circumstances;

(iii) In connection with the preparation of the Plan of Distribution, Respondent shall retain, at its expense and subject to prior Staff approval, an independent consultant (the “Consultant”), to oversee the preparation of the Plan of Distribution;

(iv) Respondent shall be responsible for all costs of preparing and implementing the Plan of Distribution and distributing the Funds. The Funds shall not be applied toward any expenses of Respondent in connection with this settlement or its implementation;

(v) Respondent shall cooperate fully with the Consultant and shall provide the Consultant with access to its files, books and personnel as requested for purposes of the Plan of Distribution;

(vi) the Plan of Distribution shall include provisions which deal reasonably with circumstances in which the registered unitholders are not the beneficial owners of the units in question;

(vii) the Plan of Distribution shall not result in any payment to unitholders described in paragraph 16 of the Settlement Agreement;

(viii) Respondent shall, by September 30, 2005 , deliver the Plan of Distribution to Staff for approval, together with a report of the Consultant that confirms that the Plan of Distribution was prepared in accordance with the principles contained in paragraphs (ii) and (vi). Such date may be extended by the prior joint agreement of Staff and Respondent to allow for the obtaining of any rulings or completion of any discussions with Canada Revenue Agency in connection with the tax treatment of the receipt of compensation by Affected Investors considered necessary or advisable;

(ix) the Plan of Distribution shall be implemented in accordance with paragraph (xi) if approved by separate approval of (i) Staff, and (ii) the Chair and a Vice-Chair of the Commission;

(x) each of Staff and the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Commission reviewing the Plan of Distribution in accordance with paragraph (ix) shall approve the Plan, if, in their opinion acting reasonably, the Plan of Distribution was prepared in accordance with the principles contained in paragraph (ii) and (vi);

(xi) Respondent shall implement the Plan of Distribution within 3 months after the receipt of the last approval contemplated in paragraph (ix);

(xii) Respondent shall retain, at its expense and subject to Staff’s approval, an independent consultant to monitor the implementation of the Plan of Distribution; and

(xiii) Within 2 months of the completion of the implementation of the Plan of Distribution referred to in subparagraph (xi), the Respondent shall deliver to Staff:

(A) A report of the consultant retained under paragraph (xii) in a form acceptable to Staff confirming that the distribution has been completed in accordance with the Plan of Distribution as approved under paragraph (ix); and

(B) A certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Respondent confirming that the distribution has been completed in accordance with the Plan of Distribution as approved under paragraph (ix).

 

2. If either of the terms set out in subparagraph (viii) or (xi) is not satisfied by the applicable date, the matter may be brought back before the Commission, for an order revoking or varying its decision pursuant to s. 144(1) of the Act.

 

 

SCHEDULE “B”

 

 

 

IN THE MATTER OF THE SECURITIES ACT
R.S.O. 1990, c.S.5, AS AMENDED

 

AND

 

CI MUTUAL FUNDS INC.

 

ORDER
(Section 127)

 

 

    WHEREAS on December 12, 2004, the Commission issued a Notice of Hearing (the “Notice of Hearing”) pursuant to section 127 of the Securities Act (the “Act”) in respect of CI Mutual Funds Inc. (the “Respondent”);

    AND WHEREAS the Respondent entered into a settlement agreement with Staff of the Commission (the “Settlement Agreement”), in which the Respondent agreed to a proposed settlement of the proceeding commenced by the Notice of Hearing, subject to the approval of the Commission;

    AND UPON reviewing the Settlement Agreement and the Notice of Hearing and Statement of Allegations of Staff of the Commission, and upon hearing submissions from counsel for the Respondent and for Staff of the Commission;

    AND WHEREAS the Commission is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to make this Order;

    IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the Settlement Agreement dated December 10, 2004, attached hereto, is approved.

 

 

DATED at Toronto this 16th day of December, 2004